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Part one of this article - describing the Cases expressing Grammatical Functions. Part two: Locative Cases Part three: Others

Non-productive Cases

Abessive

Meaning/function: without Ending: -tta; ttä Example: syyttä Examples: S/he got angry without reason. - Hän suuttui syyttä.

Prolative

Meaning/function: channel , by Ending: -tse Example: postitse, maitse Examples: The books come by post. - Kirkjat tulevat postitse. The transportation takes place by land. - Kuljetus tapahtuu maitse.

Instructive

Meaning/function: means, manner, how? Ending: -n Example: käsin, jalan, itkien Examples: This has been made by hand. - Tämä on käsin tehty. Lönnrot travelled by foot. - Lönnrot teki matkansa jalan. S/he came home crying. - Hän tuli itkien kottin.

Comitative

Meaning/function: company, with Ending: -ne (+ possessive suffix) Example: vaimoineen, ympäristöineen Examples: The president was also there with his wife. - Myös presidentti vaimoineen oli paikalla. Helsinki, including its surroundings is the most densely populated area. - Helsinki ympäristöineen on tiheimmin asuttua aluetta.